青少年的自殺死亡率在近年有明顯增加趨勢，青少年孤寂、憂鬱的情緒來源除生理發展特殊性外，與人際社交量未滿足相關。人格特質中，與社交關係相關聯的特質為神經質和友善性，而運動被證實可以有效降低孤寂。因此，本研究欲探討國中生神經質、友善性特質與運動參與、孤寂感間的關係。採問卷調查法，以 109 學年度 5 所公立國中普通班國一至國三生為施測對象，以「國中生人格特質量表」、「運動參與量表」、「孤寂量表」為研究工具，共發出460份問卷，有效回收 458 份，所得資料以SPSS 統計軟體進行敘述性統計、積差相關、多元迴歸等分析。獲得研究結果如下：一、神經質人格特質與運動頻率、運動參與程度、球類運動、戶外運動呈現顯著負向相關；二、友善性人格特質與球類運動、戶外運動、游泳運動呈現顯著正向相關；三、神經質人格特質與孤寂感呈現顯著正向相關，友善性人格特質則與孤寂感呈現顯著負向相關；四、運動頻率、戶外運動能負向預測孤寂感。綜合上述結果，本研究結論:受測國中學生每星期運動參與的次數越多、戶外運動參與程度愈高，孤寂感的表現就愈低。關鍵詞：特質、孤寂感、運動類型、運動頻率

The rate of suicide in adolescents, which is often associated with depression, has significantly increased in recent years. Though it has been suggested that differences in grey-matter volumes during adolescence may be a risk factor for depression, peer problems have also been found to have the same effect. It is found that physical activity is associated with reduced depression in youth and adults, and long-term loneliness can cause depression. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the interrelationships among personality traits, sports participation, and loneliness of junior high school students with neuroticism or agreeableness traits. The study participants were students registered in five high schools from Taichung City during 2020. The study tools are Five Personality Test, Sports Participation Scale, and UCLA Loneliness Scale. 460 questionnaires were sent and 458 valid questionnaires were collected. The analysis was conducted by SPSS statistical software and calculated using descriptive statistics. The associations among variables were assessed using Pearson correlation and regression models. The results were as follows: Neuroticism trait was negatively correlated with sports frequency, sports participation level, ball games, and outdoor sports. Agreeableness trait was positively correlated with ball games, outdoor sports, and water sports. Students with neuroticism trait demonstrate higher level of loneliness while those with agreeableness trait demonstrate lower. The findings imply that enhancing sports participation especially on the frequency of sports and participating in outdoor sports can contribute to decrease in loneliness.Keywords: Traits, Loneliness, Types of sports, Sports frequency

目錄
封面內頁
簽名頁
中文摘要 iii
ABSTRACT iv
誌 謝….. v
目錄……. vii
圖目錄…. ix
表目錄….. x

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 名詞釋義 4
第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節 人格特質相關研究 7
第二節 神經質、友善性人格特質之相關研究 12
第三節 運動參與之相關研究 19
第四節 孤寂感之相關研究 24
第五節 神經質、友善性人格特質和運動參與、孤寂感之相關研究 30
第三章 研究方法 38
第一節 研究架構 38
第二節 研究流程 39
第三節 研究對象 40
第四節 研究工具 41
第五節 研究資料分析 49
第四章 研究結果與討論 52
第一節 研究背景敘述性統計分析 52
第二節 國中生神經質、友善性人格特質和運動參與、孤寂感之敘述性統計分析 54
第三節 國中生神經質、友善性人格特質和運動參與、孤寂感之相關分析 64
第四節 國中生神經質、友善性人格特質對運動參與之迴歸分析 70
第五節 國中生神經質、友善性人格特質對孤寂感之迴歸分析 79
第六節 國中生運動參與對孤寂感之迴歸分析 82
第五章 結論與建議 86
第一節 結論 86
第二節 建議 88
參考文獻 90
一、中文部分 90
二、英文部分 94
附錄一 預試問卷 111
附錄二 正式問卷 115

圖目錄
圖3 1 研究架構圖………………………………………………....38
圖3 2 研究流程……………………………………………………39


表目錄
表2-1-1 人格 (personality) 定義彙整 8
表2-2-1 神經質人格特質構面與說明………………………………...12
表2-2-2 神經質人格特質相關研究論文……………………………...14
表2-2-3 友善性人格特質構面與說明…………………………….......16
表2-2-4 友善性人格特質相關研究論文……………………………...17
表2-5-1 神經質、友善性人格特質與運動參與之研究論文………...32
表3-3-1 受試樣本資料………………………………………………...40
表3 4-1 國中生人格特質量表構面題號……………………………...42
表3-4-2 神經質與友善性人格構面之因素矩陣分析………………...43
表3-4-3 「運動類型量表」項目分析表……………………………...44
表3-4-4 「運動類型量表」因素分析結果摘要表…………………...46
表3-4-5 孤寂量表之信效度分析…….………………………………..48
表4-1-1 性別、年級、健康情形、運動夥伴次數分配表…………...53
表4-2-1 國中生人格特質量表統計分析……………………………...55
表4-2-2 神經質、友善性人格特質單題題項統計分析……………...56
表4-2-3 國中生運動參與量表統計分析……………………………...57
表4-2-4 運動參與程度分析統計表（n＝458）……………………...58
表4-2-5 運動類型子構面統計分析…………………………………...60
表4-2-6 國中生孤寂量表總分統計分析……………………………...62
表4-2-7 國中生孤寂量表單題統計分析……………………………...63
表4-3-1 神經質、友善性人格特質與運動參與之Pearson相關係數... 65
表4-3-2 神經質、友善性人格特質與運動類型之Pearson相關係數... 66
表4-3-3 神經質、友善性人格特質與孤寂感之Pearson相關係數…68
表4-4-1神經質、友善性人格特質對運動頻率之多元迴歸分析……70
表4-4-2 神經質、友善性人格特質對運動時間之多元迴歸分析…...72
表4-4-3 運動強度對神經質、友善性人格特質之多元迴歸分析…...73
表4-4-4 神經質、友善性人格特質對運動參與程度之多元迴歸分析..74
表4-4-5神經質、友善性人格特質對球類運動之多元迴歸分析……76
表4-4-6神經質、友善性人格特質對戶外運動之多元迴歸分析……77
表4-4-7神經質、友善性人格特質對游泳運動之多元迴歸分析……78
表4-5-1 神經質人格特質對孤寂感之多元迴歸分析………………...80
表4-5-2 友善性人格特質對孤寂感之多元迴歸分析………………...81
表4-6-1 運動參與程度各構面對孤寂感之多元迴歸分析…………...82
表4-6-2 運動類型各構面對孤寂感之多元迴歸分析………………...84

一、中文部分
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二、英文部分
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